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Napoleon Bonaparte
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Horatio Nelson
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Born
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1769
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1758
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Educated
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Graduates from Ecole Militaire and became general at age 25.
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Entered the British navy at age 12 and became a captain at age 20.
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Rise to Power
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Defeated Austro-Sardinian Armies in ltaly (1796-7), extending French territory.
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Rapidly promoted to lieutenant, given first command in the French Revolutionary Wars. In 1801 promoted to Vice-Admiral.
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MiIitary Victories And Conquests
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Napoleonic Wars, won great victories over European alliance, including Austerlitz in 1805. Dissolved Holy Roman Empire In 1806 and ruled almost all of Europe.
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Helped defeat the Spanish fleet off Cape St. Vincent in 1797. The 1798 Battle of the Nile earned him laurels. Defeated the Danes at Copenhagen in 1801. In a renewed war against the French, sent famous flag signal: "England expects that every man will do his duty," at the start oft the 1805 Battle of Trafalgar, which gave Britain a century of naval supremacy.
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Famous Defeats
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I798-99 Egyptian campaign. 1812 disastrous campaign against Russia. Defeated at Leipzig in 1813 (after loosing the sight in his right eye in 1793). Exiled to Elba in 1814, escaped. Returned to France and ruled for the Hundred Days in 1815, ending in defeat at Waterloo. Exiled to Saint Helena.
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1797 Battle of Santa Cruz de Tenerife, he lost his right arm.
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National Position
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1799 becomes first consul. In 1804, he crowned himself emperor.
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British Government awards him, making him Baron Nelson of the Nile. National hero memorialized at London's Trafalgar Square.
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Personal
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Famous romance and marriage to Josephine, whom he divorced in 1810 to marry Marie Louise, who bore him Napoleon II.
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Marries Frances Nisbet in1787. Affair with Emma, Lady Hamilton who bore him Horatia.
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Died
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In 1821 on Saint Helena. His Remains are buried under the dome of Les Invalides in Paris.
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In 1805 at the victorious Battle of Trafalgar. Buried in a coffin whose oak wood was taken from the main mast of L'Orient, the French battleship he defeated in the Battle of the Nile. He is buried in St. Paul`s Cathedrale.
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